Neolithic and medieval virus genomes reveal complex evolution of hepatitis B

Affiliations

• ¹ Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.
• ² Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany.
• ³ Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
• ⁴ Systematic Proteomics & Bioanalytics, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.
• ⁵ Institute of Pre- and Protohistoric Archaeology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.
• ⁶ Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, United States.
• ⁷ Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States.
• ⁸ Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, United States.
• ⁹ Institute for Pre- and Protohistory and Near Eastern Archaeology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
• ¹⁰ Heidelberg Center for the Environment, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
• ¹¹ Department of Physical Anthropology, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
• ¹² State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt, State Museum of Prehistory, Halle, Germany.
• ¹³ Danube Private University, Krems, Austria.
• ¹⁴ Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
• ¹⁵ Integrative Prehistory and Archaeological Science, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
• ¹⁶ Clinic for Internal Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.