Locus coeruleus imaging as a biomarker for noradrenergic dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases

Affiliations

• ¹ German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.
• ² Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
• ³ Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
• ⁴ Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
• ⁵ Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance LIM44, Department and Institute of Radiology, Medical School of the University of São Paulo, Brazil.
• ⁶ Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
• ⁷ Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
• ⁸ Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK.
• ⁹ Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Bioimmagini e Fisiologia Molecolare (IBFM), Milan, Italy.
• ¹⁰ Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK.
• ¹¹ University of Amsterdam, Integrative Model-based Cognitive Neuroscience research unit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
• ¹² University of Leiden, Cognitive Psychology, Leiden, The Netherlands.
• ¹³ Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
• ¹⁴ Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Institute for Physics, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany.
• ¹⁵ Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
• ¹⁶ Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK.
• ¹⁷ Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
• ¹⁸ Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
• ¹⁹ German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.
• ²⁰ Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany.
• ²¹ Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark.
• ²² Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
• ²³ Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
• ²⁴ Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany.
• ²⁵ Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.
• ²⁶ Max Planck Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing, University College London, UK.
• ²⁷ Henry H. Wheeler, Jr. Brain Imaging Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
• ²⁸ Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
• ²⁹ Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
• ³⁰ Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Segrate, Milan, Italy.
• ³¹ Leonard Davis School of Gerontology and Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
• ³² Centre for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
• ³³ Techna Institute and Koerner Scientist in MR Imaging, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.
• ³⁴ University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.
• ³⁵ Clinic of Psychiatry, University of Würzburg, Wurzburg, Germany.
• ³⁶ Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, USA.
• ³⁷ Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
• ³⁸ Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.