Photorelease of 2-Arachidonoylglycerol in Live Cells

J Am Chem Soc. 2019 Oct 23;141(42):16544-16547. doi: 10.1021/jacs.9b05978. Epub 2019 Oct 10.

Abstract

2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) is acting as a full agonist of cannabinoid receptor 1 and 2. Direct manipulation of 2-AG levels is a challenging task. The amphiphilic properties and the instability of 2-AG in aqueous media complicate its use as a drug-like molecule. Additionally, inhibition of the protein machinery that regulates 2-AG levels may also affect other monoacylglycerols. Therefore, we developed a novel method to elevate 2-AG levels with a flash of light. The resulting tool is a photoactivatable "caged" 2-arachidonoylglycerol (cg2-AG) allowing for the rapid photorelease of the signaling lipid in live cells. We characterized the mechanism of uncaging and the effect of 2-AG on the regulation of the β-cell signaling network. After uncaging of 2-AG, we monitored calcium levels, CB1-GIRK channel coupling, and CB1-mediated inhibition of adenylate cyclase and protein kinase A activity.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Arachidonic Acids / metabolism*
  • Cell Line
  • Cell Survival
  • Endocannabinoids / metabolism*
  • Glycerides / metabolism*
  • Light*
  • Mice

Substances

  • Arachidonic Acids
  • Endocannabinoids
  • Glycerides
  • glyceryl 2-arachidonate