Target genes, variants, tissues and transcriptional pathways influencing human serum urate levels

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA. atin1@jhu.edu.
• ² Welch Centre for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Baltimore, MD, USA. atin1@jhu.edu.
• ³ Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
• ⁴ Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
• ⁵ Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Medical Bioinformatics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
• ⁶ Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
• ⁷ LIFE Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
• ⁸ Target Sciences-Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA.
• ⁹ Department of Medicine and Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
• ¹⁰ Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
• ¹¹ Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
• ¹² Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
• ¹³ Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
• ¹⁴ Division of Quantitative Sciences, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
• ¹⁵ Biomedical Laboratory Research and Development, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System (626)/Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
• ¹⁶ deCODE Genetics, Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.
• ¹⁷ Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
• ¹⁸ Genetics, Merck & Co., Inc, Kenilworth, NJ, USA.
• ¹⁹ Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
• ²⁰ Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
• ²¹ Institute of Genetics and Biophysics Adriano Buzzati-Traverso-CNR, Naples, Italy.
• ²² Eurac Research, Institute for Biomedicine, Bolzano, Italy.
• ²³ Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Centre for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama (Kanagawa), Japan.
• ²⁴ Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
• ²⁵ Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy.
• ²⁶ Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
• ²⁷ DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
• ²⁸ Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
• ²⁹ Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
• ³⁰ Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
• ³¹ Institute of Public Health & Social Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan.
• ³² Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
• ³³ School of Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden.
• ³⁴ Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
• ³⁵ Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
• ³⁶ Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
• ³⁷ Cardiology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
• ³⁸ Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
• ³⁹ Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.
• ⁴⁰ Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
• ⁴¹ Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
• ⁴² Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
• ⁴³ Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council of Italy, Pavia, Italy.
• ⁴⁴ Human Genetics Centre, University of Texas Health Science Centre, Houston, TX, USA.
• ⁴⁵ Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Health at Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
• ⁴⁶ University of Trieste, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, Trieste, Italy.
• ⁴⁷ Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
• ⁴⁸ Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
• ⁴⁹ Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
• ⁵⁰ Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
• ⁵¹ Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
• ⁵² Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
• ⁵³ Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London, UK.
• ⁵⁴ Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Imperial College London, London, UK.
• ⁵⁵ MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
• ⁵⁶ IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.
• ⁵⁷ Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
• ⁵⁸ Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Italy National Research Council, Milano, Italy.
• ⁵⁹ Bio4Dreams, Milano, Italy.
• ⁶⁰ San Raffaele Research Institute, Milano, Italy.
• ⁶¹ Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands.
• ⁶² Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands.
• ⁶³ Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, Diabetology), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
• ⁶⁴ Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
• ⁶⁵ Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
• ⁶⁶ Department of Women and Child Health, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
• ⁶⁷ Centre for Pediatric Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
• ⁶⁸ Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
• ⁶⁹ Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
• ⁷⁰ Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
• ⁷¹ Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
• ⁷² Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Molecular Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
• ⁷³ Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
• ⁷⁴ Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
• ⁷⁵ German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany.
• ⁷⁶ QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
• ⁷⁷ Icelandic Heart Association, Kópavogur, Iceland.
• ⁷⁸ Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
• ⁷⁹ Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
• ⁸⁰ Montreal University Hospital Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier de lUniversité de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
• ⁸¹ Medpharmgene, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
• ⁸² Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
• ⁸³ Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
• ⁸⁴ Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
• ⁸⁵ Department of Genetics, Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Centre, Shanghai, China.
• ⁸⁶ Shanghai Industrial Technology Institute, Shanghai, China.
• ⁸⁷ Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
• ⁸⁸ Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
• ⁸⁹ National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA.
• ⁹⁰ The Centre for Population Studies, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham, MA, USA.
• ⁹¹ Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
• ⁹² Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
• ⁹³ Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
• ⁹⁴ Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
• ⁹⁵ The Centre of Public Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
• ⁹⁶ Landspitalinn University Hospital, Reykjavík, Iceland.
• ⁹⁷ University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland.
• ⁹⁸ Geisinger Research, Biomedical and Translational Informatics Institute, Rockville, MD, USA.
• ⁹⁹ Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
• ¹⁰⁰ Kyoto-McGill International Collaborative School in Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
• ¹⁰¹ Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
• ¹⁰² Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
• ¹⁰³ German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
• ¹⁰⁴ Institute of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
• ¹⁰⁵ MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, 323 School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
• ¹⁰⁶ National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
• ¹⁰⁷ Integrated Research and Treatment Centre Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
• ¹⁰⁸ Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
• ¹⁰⁹ RIKEN Centre for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama (Kanagawa), Japan.
• ¹¹⁰ Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
• ¹¹¹ Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
• ¹¹² The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
• ¹¹³ The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
• ¹¹⁴ Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
• ¹¹⁵ Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
• ¹¹⁶ Synlab Academy, Synlab Holding Deutschland GmbH, Mannheim, Germany.
• ¹¹⁷ Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
• ¹¹⁸ Laboratory of Clinical Genome Sequencing, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
• ¹¹⁹ Independent Research Group Clinical Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
• ¹²⁰ Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München at UNIKA-T Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.
• ¹²¹ Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
• ¹²² Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
• ¹²³ Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
• ¹²⁴ VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.
• ¹²⁵ Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
• ¹²⁶ Vanderbilt University Medical Centre, Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Nashville, TN, USA.
• ¹²⁷ Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Cooperative Studies Program, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.
• ¹²⁸ Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
• ¹²⁹ University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.
• ¹³⁰ Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands.
• ¹³¹ Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
• ¹³² Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
• ¹³³ Department of Internal Medicine I (Cardiology), Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.
• ¹³⁴ Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
• ¹³⁵ Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
• ¹³⁶ Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, MD, USA.
• ¹³⁷ Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
• ¹³⁸ Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
• ¹³⁹ Department of Cardiology, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
• ¹⁴⁰ Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
• ¹⁴¹ Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands.
• ¹⁴² University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
• ¹⁴³ Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland.
• ¹⁴⁴ Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
• ¹⁴⁵ Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Section, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
• ¹⁴⁶ Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council of Italy, UOS of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
• ¹⁴⁷ Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
• ¹⁴⁸ Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia.
• ¹⁴⁹ Gen-info Ltd, Zagreb, Croatia.
• ¹⁵⁰ Nephrology Service, Department of Specialties in Internal Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
• ¹⁵¹ Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
• ¹⁵² Einthoven Laboratory of Experimental Vascular Research, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands.
• ¹⁵³ Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
• ¹⁵⁴ Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
• ¹⁵⁵ Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
• ¹⁵⁶ Institute of Physiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Karlsburg, Germany.
• ¹⁵⁷ Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milano, Italy.
• ¹⁵⁸ ePhood Scientific Unit, ePhood SRL, Milano, Italy.
• ¹⁵⁹ Center for Cardiovascular Prevention, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.
• ¹⁶⁰ Thomayer Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.
• ¹⁶¹ Department of Medicine II, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
• ¹⁶² Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
• ¹⁶³ Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Centre for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
• ¹⁶⁴ Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.
• ¹⁶⁵ Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
• ¹⁶⁶ Division of Population Health and Genomics, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
• ¹⁶⁷ Division of Endocrinology, Nephrology and Rheumatology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
• ¹⁶⁸ Heart Centre Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
• ¹⁶⁹ Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
• ¹⁷⁰ Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
• ¹⁷¹ Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
• ¹⁷² Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
• ¹⁷³ Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
• ¹⁷⁴ Durrer Centre for Cardiovascular Research, the Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
• ¹⁷⁵ Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
• ¹⁷⁶ Genomics plc, Oxford, UK.
• ¹⁷⁷ Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
• ¹⁷⁸ Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
• ¹⁷⁹ Centre for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
• ¹⁸⁰ Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Centre, Jackson, MS, USA.
• ¹⁸¹ Geisinger Research, Biomedical and Translational Informatics Institute, Danville, PA, USA.
• ¹⁸² Kidney Health Research Institute, Geisinger, Danville, PA, USA.
• ¹⁸³ Department of Nephrology, Geisinger, Danville, PA, USA.
• ¹⁸⁴ Division of Kidney, Urologic and Hematologic Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
• ¹⁸⁵ Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
• ¹⁸⁶ Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, Department of Health Service, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
• ¹⁸⁷ Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.
• ¹⁸⁸ Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kliniken Südostbayern AG, Traunstein, Germany.
• ¹⁸⁹ Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
• ¹⁹⁰ Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Centre for Integrative Medical Sciences, Osaka, Japan.
• ¹⁹¹ Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
• ¹⁹² Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Centre, Nashville, TN, USA.
• ¹⁹³ Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System (626)/Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
• ¹⁹⁴ Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA. anna.koettgen@uniklinik-freiburg.de.
• ¹⁹⁵ Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Medical Bioinformatics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. anna.koettgen@uniklinik-freiburg.de.