Coronaviruses use discontinuous extension for synthesis of subgenome-length negative strands

Adv Exp Med Biol. 1995:380:499-506. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4615-1899-0_79.

Abstract

We have developed a new model for coronavirus transcription, which we call discontinuous extension, to explain how subgenome-length negatives stands are derived directly from the genome. The current model called leader-primed transcription, which states that subgenomic mRNA is transcribed directly from genome-length negative-strands, cannot explain many of the recent experimental findings. For instance, subgenomic mRNAs are transcribed directly via transcription intermediates that contain subgenome-length negative-strand templates; however subgenomic mRNA does not appear to be copied directly into negative strands. In our model the subgenome-length negative strands would be derived using the genome as a template. After the polymerase had copied the 3'-end of the genome, it would detach at any one of the several intergenic sequences and reattach to the sequence immediately downstream of the leader sequence at the 5'-end of genome RNA. Base pairing between the 3'-end of the nascent subgenome-length negative strands, which would be complementary to the intergenic sequence at the end of the leader sequence at the 5'-end of genome, would serve to align the nascent negative strand to the genome and permit the completion of synthesis, i.e., discontinuous extension of the 3'-end of the negative strand. Thus, subgenome-length negative strands would arise by discontinuous synthesis, but of negative strands, not of positive strands as proposed originally by the leader-primed transcription model.

Publication types

  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Base Sequence
  • Coronavirus / genetics*
  • Coronavirus / physiology*
  • DNA Primers
  • Genome, Viral*
  • Mice
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • RNA, Messenger / biosynthesis*
  • RNA, Messenger / isolation & purification
  • RNA, Viral / biosynthesis*
  • RNA, Viral / isolation & purification
  • Transcription, Genetic*
  • Virus Replication*

Substances

  • DNA Primers
  • RNA, Messenger
  • RNA, Viral