Development of Comprehensive Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Assays to Quantitate Cisplatin-Induced DNA-DNA Cross-Links

Chem Res Toxicol. 2023 Jun 19;36(6):822-837. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00308. Epub 2023 May 19.

Abstract

Cisplatin (CP) is a common antitumor drug that is used to treat many solid tumors. The activity of CP is attributed to the formation of DNA-DNA cross-links, which consist of 1,2-intra-, 1,3-intra-, and interstrand cross-links. To better understand how each intrastrand cross-link contributes to the activity of CP, we have developed comprehensive ultraperformance liquid chromatography-selective ion monitoring (UPLC-SIM) assays to quantify 1,2-GG-, 1,2-AG-, 1,3-GCG-, and 1,3-GTG-intrastrand cross-links. The limit of quantitation for the developed assays ranged from 5 to 50 fmol or as low as 6 cross-links per 108 nucleotides. To demonstrate the utility of the UPLC-SIM assays, we first performed in vitro cross-link formation kinetics experiments. We confirmed that the 1,2-GG-intrastrand cross-links were the most abundant intrastrand cross-link and formed at a faster rate compared to 1,2-AG- and 1,3-intrastrand cross-links. Furthermore, we investigated the repair kinetics of intrastrand cross-links in CP-treated wild-type and nucleotide excision repair (NER)-deficient U2OS cells. We observed a slow decrease of both 1,2- and 1,3-intrastrand cross-links in wild-type cells and no evidence of direct repair in the NER-deficient cells. Taken together, we have demonstrated that our assays are capable of accurately quantifying intrastrand cross-links in CP-treated samples and can be utilized to better understand the activity of CP.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Chromatography, Liquid
  • Cisplatin* / pharmacology
  • Cross-Linking Reagents / chemistry
  • DNA / chemistry
  • DNA Adducts*
  • DNA Repair
  • Mass Spectrometry

Substances

  • Cisplatin
  • DNA Adducts
  • DNA
  • Cross-Linking Reagents