Acquisition and Use of 'Priors' in Autism: Typical in Deciding Where to Look, Atypical in Deciding What Is There

J Autism Dev Disord. 2021 Oct;51(10):3744-3758. doi: 10.1007/s10803-020-04828-2. Epub 2020 Dec 29.

Abstract

Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are thought to under-rely on prior knowledge in perceptual decision-making. This study examined whether this applies to decisions of attention allocation, of relevance for 'predictive-coding' accounts of ASD. In a visual search task, a salient but task-irrelevant distractor appeared with higher probability in one display half. Individuals with ASD learned to avoid 'attentional capture' by distractors in the probable region as effectively as control participants-indicating typical priors for deploying attention. However, capture by a 'surprising' distractor at an unlikely location led to greatly slowed identification of a subsequent target at that location-indicating that individuals with ASD attempt to control surprise (unexpected attentional capture) by over-regulating parameters in post-selective decision-making.

Keywords: Predictive coding; Visual attention; Visual search.

MeSH terms

  • Attention
  • Autism Spectrum Disorder*
  • Autistic Disorder*
  • Humans
  • Knowledge
  • Learning
  • Reaction Time