Abstract Changes in gene expression are thought to underlie many of the phenotypic
differences between species. However, large-scale analyses of gene expression evolution were …

Neandertals, the closest evolutionary relatives of present-day humans, lived in large parts of
Europe and western Asia before disappearing 30,000 years ago. We present a draft …

A unique assemblage of 28 hominin individuals, found in Sima de los Huesos in the Sierra
de Atapuerca in Spain, has recently been dated to approximately 430,000 years ago 1 . An …

Although a rich record of Pleistocene human-associated archaeological assemblages exists,
the scarcity of hominin fossils often impedes the understanding of which hominins …

We present the high-quality genome sequence of a ∼45,000-year-old modern human male
from Siberia. This individual derives from a population that lived before—or simultaneously …

Excavations of a complex of caves in the Sierra de Atapuerca in northern Spain have unearthed
hominin fossils that range in age from the early Pleistocene to the Holocene 1 . One of …

Although great progress has been made in improving methods for generating DNA sequences
from ancient biological samples, many, if not most, samples are still not amenable for …

By at least 45,000 years before present, anatomically modern humans had spread across
Eurasia [1–3], but it is not well known how diverse these early populations were and whether …

DNA preserved in ancient bones, teeth and sediments is typically highly fragmented and
present only in minute amounts. Here, we provide a highly versatile silica-based DNA …

North Africa is a key region for understanding human history, but the genetic history of its
people is largely unknown. We present genomic data from seven 15,000-year-old modern …