European forests are intensively exploited for wood products, yet they also form a sink for
carbon. European forest inventories, available for the past 50 years, can be combined with …

Evaporation from wet canopies (E) can return up to half of incident rainfall back into the
atmosphere and is a major cause of the difference in water use between forests and short …

Terrestrial gross primary production (GPP) is the largest global CO 2 flux driving several
ecosystem functions. We provide an observation-based estimate of this flux at 123 ± 8 …

More than half of the solar energy absorbed by land surfaces is currently used to evaporate
water 1 . Climate change is expected to intensify the hydrological cycle 2 and to alter …

We upscaled FLUXNET observations of carbon dioxide, water, and energy fluxes to the
global scale using the machine learning technique, model tree ensembles (MTE). We trained …

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants harvest sunlight to produce sugars from
carbon dioxide and water. It is the primary source of energy for all life on Earth; hence it is …

The enhanced vegetation productivity driven by increased concentrations of carbon dioxide
(CO 2 ) [ie, the CO 2 fertilization effect (CFE)] sustains an important negative feedback on …

Forest ecosystems depend on their capacity to withstand and recover from natural and
anthropogenic perturbations (that is, their resilience) 1 . Experimental evidence of sudden …

The respiratory release of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) from the land surface is a major flux in the
global carbon cycle, antipodal to photosynthetic CO 2 uptake. Understanding the sensitivity …

The response of the terrestrial carbon cycle to climate change is among the largest uncertainties
affecting future climate change projections 1 , 2 . The feedback between the terrestrial …