Conventional atomic force microscopes (AFMs) take at least 30–60 s to capture an image,
while dynamic biomolecular processes occur on a millisecond timescale or less. To narrow …

Plants use nitrate, ammonium, and organic nitrogen in the soil as nitrogen sources. Since the
elevated CO 2 environment predicted for the near future will reduce nitrate utilization by C …

Living cells are viscoelastic materials, dominated by an elastic response on timescales
longer than a millisecond 1 . On shorter timescales, the dynamics of individual cytoskeleton …

PIEZO1 is a mechanosensitive channel that converts applied force into electrical signals.
Partial molecular structures show that PIEZO1 is a bowl-shaped trimer with extended arms. …

The atomic force microscope (AFM) is unique in its capability to capture high‐resolution
images of biological samples in liquids. This capability will become more valuable to biological …

A fundamental challenge of gene regulation is the accessibility of DNA within nucleosomes.
Recent studies performed by various techniques, including single-molecule approaches, led …

Glutamate transporters are essential for recovery of the neurotransmitter glutamate from the
synaptic cleft. Crystal structures in the outward- and inward-facing conformations of a …

Annexins are abundant cytoplasmic proteins that can bind to negatively charged phospholipids
in a Ca 2+ -dependent manner, and are known to play a role in the storage of Ca 2+ and …

The kinetochore forms a dynamic interface with microtubules from the mitotic spindle. Live-cell
light microscopy–based observations on the dynamic structural changes within the …

In the seminiferous tubules of mouse testes, a population of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic
factor family receptor alpha 1 (GFRα1)-positive spermatogonia harbors the stem cell …