… obtained using sonomicrometry, [Adapted from Biewener, AA, DD Konieczynski, and RV. …
[Adapted from Biewener, AA and GB Gillis. Dynamics of muscle function during locomotion: …

… In recent studies of the ontogenetic growth and skeletal biomechanics of goats (Main and
Biewener,2004a) and emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae; Main and Biewener, 2004b),…

Neuromechanics seeks to understand how muscles, sense organs, motor pattern generators,
and brain interact to produce coordinated movement, not only in complex terrain but also …

… This variation in peak stress values reflects differences in locomotor activity and bone
elements studied, as well as differences in technique [AA Biewener, J. Thomason, AE Goodship, …

Mammalian skeletons experience peak locomotor stresses (force per area) that are 25 to 50%
of their failure strength, indicating a safety factor of between two and four. The mechanism …

Seven species of ground‐dwelling birds (body mass range: 0.045‐90 kg) were filmed while
walking and running on a treadmill. High‐speed light films were also taken of humans to …

… Frequently, these bending moments are even greater than those exerted due to the transverse
force acting on a bone (Biewener et al. 1983; Biewener, 1983), which is more commonly …

Mammals use the elastic components in their legs (principally tendons, ligaments, and
muscles) to run economically, while maintaining consistent support mechanics across various …

… changes in limb posture (larger animals have straighter limbs) may be a more general solution
for stress similarity over a range of differentsized mammalian species (Biewener, 1983b). …

Measurements of the cross-sectional geometry and length of bones from animals of different
sizes suggest that peak locomotory stresses might be as much as nine times greater in the …