Size at birth is critical in determining life expectancy and is dependent primarily on the placental
supply of nutrients. However, the fetus is not just a passive recipient of nutrients from the …

During pregnancy, the mother must adapt her body systems to support nutrient and oxygen
supply for growth of the baby in utero and during the subsequent lactation. These include …

In the first trimester the extravillous cytotrophoblast cells occlude the uterine spiral arterioles
creating a low oxygen environment early in pregnancy, which is essential for pregnancy …

The placenta is the main determinant of fetal growth and development in utero. It supplies
all the nutrients and oxygen required for fetal growth and secretes hormones that facilitate …

The placenta is a transient fetal organ that plays a critical role in the health and wellbeing of
both the fetus and its mother. Functionally, the placenta sustains the growth of the fetus as it …

Size at birth is a critical determinant of life expectancy, and is dependent primarily on the
placental supply of nutrients. However, the placenta is not just a passive organ for the materno-…

Mitochondria respond to a range of stimuli and function in energy production and redox
homeostasis. However, little is known about the developmental and environmental control of …

Maternal insulin‐like growth factors (IGFs) play a pivotal role in modulating fetal growth via
their actions on both the mother and the placenta. Circulating IGFs influence maternal tissue …

In developed societies, high‐sugar and high‐fat (HSHF) diets are now the norm and are
increasing the rates of maternal obesity during pregnancy. In pregnant rodents, these diets lead …

BACKGROUND The placenta is the functional interface between the mother and the fetus
during pregnancy, and a critical determinant of fetal growth and life-long health. In the first …