A technology that simultaneously records membrane potential from multiple neurons in
behaving animals will have a transformative effect on neuroscience research 1 , 2 . Genetically …

All-optical electrophysiology—spatially resolved simultaneous optical perturbation and
measurement of membrane voltage—would open new vistas in neuroscience research. We …

A molecule or larger body is chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image (enantiomer).
Electromagnetic fields may be chiral, too, with circularly polarized light (CPL) as the …

Single biomolecules in free solution have long been of interest for detailed study by optical
methods, but Brownian motion prevents the observation of one single molecule for extended …

Reliable optical detection of single action potentials in mammalian neurons has been one of
the longest-standing challenges in neuroscience. Here we achieved this goal by using the …

We introduce a measure of the local density of chirality of the electromagnetic field. This
optical chirality determines the asymmetry in the rates of excitation between a small chiral …

This paper describes an experimentally simple system for measuring rates of electron transport
across organic thin films having a range of molecular structures. The system uses a metal…

Bacteria have many voltage- and ligand-gated ion channels, and population-level measurements
indicate that membrane potential is important for bacterial survival. However, it has not …

… Correspondence should be addressed to any of the following: Valentina Emiliani, Adam E.
Cohen, Karl Deisseroth, or Michael Häusser at the above addresses. valentina.emiliani{at}…

We report enhanced optical Faraday rotation in gold-coated maghemite (γ-Fe 2 O 3 )
nanoparticles. The Faraday rotation spectrum measured from 480−690 nm shows a peak at about …