A large body of evidence indicates that metazoan innate immunity is regulated by the nervous
system, but the mechanisms involved in the process and the biological importance of such …

Innate immunity comprises physical barriers, pattern-recognition receptors, antimicrobial
substances, phagocytosis, and fever. Here we report that increased temperature results in the …

Programmed cell death (PCD) in mammals has been implicated in several disease states
including cancer, autoimmune disease, and neurodegenerative disease. In Caenorhabditis …

Genetic analysis of host–pathogen interactions has been hampered by the lack of genetically
tractable models of such interactions. We showed previously that the human opportunistic …

The unfolded protein response (UPR), which is activated when unfolded or misfolded proteins
accumulate in the endoplasmic reticulum, has been implicated in the normal physiology of …

Compared to mammals, insects, and plants, relatively little is known about innate immune
responses in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Previous work showed that Salmonella …

Pathogen recognition through Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) is crucial in order to mount an
appropriate immune response against microorganisms. On the basis of a lack of evidence …

Recently, pathogenicity models that involve the killing of the genetically tractable nematode
Caenorhabditis elegans by human pathogens have been developed. From the perspective …

Brucella abortus is a facultative intracellular bacterium capable of surviving inside
professional and nonprofessional phagocytes. The microorganism remains in membrane-bound …

Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, must survive in blood in order to cause disease
and to be transmitted from host to host by fleas. Members of the Ail/Lom family of outer …