Background Despite the excellent fossil record of cephalopods, their early evolution is poorly
understood. Different, partly incompatible phylogenetic hypotheses have been proposed in …

During the Palaeozoic, a diversification in modes of life occurred that included a wide range
of predators. Major macroecological events include the Cambrian Explosion (including the …

Coleoidea (squids and octopuses) comprise all crown group cephalopods except the
Nautilida. Coleoids are characterized by internal shell (endocochleate), ink sac and arm hooks, …

The fossilized birth–death (FBD) process provides an ideal model for inferring phylogenies
from both extant and fossil taxa. Using this approach, fossils are directly integrated into the …

Background Radiotherapy and cyclophosphamide-induced haemorrhagic cystitis are rare
but severe complications occurring in 3–6% of patients. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) …

Throughout the Silurian and Devonian, cartilaginous fish successively evolved their specialized
skeletal and dental characteristics, and increasingly refined their sensory systems. The …

In some Devonian strata in the eastern Anti‐Atlas, fossil invertebrates are abundant, display
a high taxonomic diversity and indicate many shifts in palaeoecology. This is reflected in …

Fluctuations in body size of orthoconic cephalopods are reported from late Silurian to Late
Devonian sediments at several locations in the Tafilalt and in the Dra‐Valley (Anti‐Atlas, …

Reproductive strategies of extinct organisms can only be recognised indirectly and hence,
they are exceedingly rarely reported and tend to be speculative. Here, we present a mass-…

We describe early Tremadocian (Kainella meridionalis Biozone) cephalopods from the
Cordillera Oriental, Jujuy, NW Argentina. They consist of numerous small specimens collected at …