When should exchange rates be fixed and when should they fluctuate? What criteria define
the optimum currency area, within which the exchange rates should be pegged immutably, …

This paper builds upon previous studies prepared by IMF staff on various aspects of the
exchange rate arrangements of IMF member countries, consistent with the IMF’s role of …

This essay sketches a possible and hopefully plausible interpretation of the development of
the Euro-dollar market within the broader context of the international monetary system. It …

Unspecific peroxygenases (UPOs) are glycosylated fungal enzymes that can selectively
oxidize C–H bonds. UPOs employ hydrogen peroxide as the oxygen donor and reductant. With …

Metastatic melanoma is hallmarked by its ability of phenotype switching to more slowly
proliferating, but highly invasive cells. Here, we tested the impact of signal transducer and …

Traditionally, the IMF's Annual Report on Exchange Arrangements and Exchange Restrictions
has been the main source of information about the exchange rate policies pursued by …

Identifying (bio)catalysts displaying high enantio‐/stereoselectivity is a fundamental prerequisite
for the advancement of asymmetric catalysis. Herein, a high‐throughput, stereoselective …

Purpose: Melanoma is one of the most aggressive types of cancer with currently no chance
of cure once the disease has spread to distant sites. Therapeutic options for advanced stage …

Functional intestinal disorders constitute major, potentially lethal health problems in humans.
Consequently, research focuses on elucidating the underlying pathobiological …

Some, though far from total, agreement has begun to emerge as to the role and effects of
monetary policy in a closed economy. At least major issues have been delineated and the …