Astrocytes provide structural and metabolic support for neuronal networks, but direct
evidence demonstrating their active role in complex behaviors is limited. Central respiratory …

Extracellular signalling by the purine nucleotide ATP has long been associated with sensory
function 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 . In the periphery, ATP mediates nociception 3 , 4 , 5 , …

Active neurons increase their energy supply by dilating nearby arterioles and capillaries.
This neurovascular coupling underlies blood oxygen level–dependent functional imaging …

Given its non-invasive nature, there is increasing interest in the use of transcutaneous
vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) across basic, translational and clinical research. …

Peripheral chemosensitivity is clinically assessed by measuring the ventilatory response,
changes of muscle sympathetic nerve activity, or physiological changes in heart rate or blood …

In terrestrial mammals, the oxygen storage capacity of the CNS is limited, and neuronal
function is rapidly impaired if oxygen supply is interrupted even for a short period of time. …

Myocardial ischaemia–reperfusion injury can be significantly reduced by an episode(s) of
ischaemia–reperfusion applied prior to or during myocardial ischaemia (MI) to peripheral …

In mammals, the ventilatory response to decreased oxygen tension in the arterial blood is
initiated by excitation of specialized O 2 -sensitive chemoreceptor cells in the carotid body that …

Aims Innate mechanisms of inter-organ protection underlie the phenomenon of remote
ischaemic preconditioning (RPc) in which episode(s) of ischaemia and reperfusion in tissues …

Key points Peripheral chemoreflex sensitivity is enhanced in hypertension yet the role of these
receptors in the development and maintenance of high blood pressure remains unknown. …