CD4 + T helper 2 (T H 2) cells secrete interleukin (IL)4, IL5 and IL13, and are required for
immunity to gastrointestinal helminth infections 1 . However, T H 2 cells also promote chronic …

Severe asthma is associated with the production of interleukin 17A (IL-17A). The exact role
of IL-17A in severe asthma and the factors that drive its production are unknown. Here we …

IL-25 (IL-17E) is a unique IL-17 family ligand that promotes Th2-skewed inflammatory
responses. Intranasal administration of IL-25 into naive mice induces pulmonary inflammation …

Interleukin-23 (IL-23) and IL-17 are cytokines currently being targeted in clinical trials. Although
inhibition of both of these cytokines is effective for treating psoriasis, IL-12 and IL-23 p40 …

Background IL-17A has been implicated in severe forms of asthma. However, the factors
that promote IL-17A production during the pathogenesis of severe asthma remain undefined. …

Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), interleukin-25 (IL-25), and IL-33 are important
initiators of type 2–associated mucosal inflammation and immunity. However, their role in the …

Butyrophilin-like 2 (BTNL2) is a butyrophilin family member with homology to the B7
costimulatory molecules, polymorphisms of which have been recently associated through genetic …

There is an unmet need in severe asthma where approximately 40% of patients exhibit poor
β-agonist responsiveness, suffer daily symptoms and show frequent exacerbations. …

Background Allergic sensitization to fungi has been associated with asthma severity. As a
result, it has been largely assumed that the contribution of fungi to allergic disease is mediated …

Interleukin-25 (IL-25) is a cytokine associated with allergy and asthma that functions to
promote type 2 immune responses at mucosal epithelial surfaces and serves to protect against …