Elevated inflammation in the female genital tract is associated with increased HIV risk.
Cervicovaginal bacteria modulate genital inflammation; however, their role in HIV susceptibility …

Colonization by Lactobacillus in the female genital tract is thought to be critical for maintaining
genital health. However, little is known about how genital microbiota influence host …

CD8 + T cells contribute to the control of HIV, but it is not clear whether initial immune responses
modulate the viral set point. We screened high-risk uninfected women twice a week for …

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) play a central role in the response to infection by secreting
cytokines crucial for immune regulation, tissue homeostasis, and repair. Although dysregulation …

Cellular immunity is critical for controlling intracellular pathogens, but individual cellular
dynamics and cell–cell cooperativity in evolving human immune responses remain poorly …

Background The use of injectable progestin-only contraceptives has been associated with
increased risk of HIV acquisition in observational studies, but the biological mechanisms of …

Introduction Immunological damage in acute HIV infection (AHI) may predispose to detrimental
clinical sequela. However, studies on the earliest HIV-induced immunological changes …

Background HIV incidence among young women in sub-Saharan Africa remains high and
their inclusion in vaccine and cure efforts is crucial. We aimed to establish a cohort of young …

Sustained viremia after acute HIV infection is associated with profound CD4 + T cell loss and
exhaustion of HIV-specific CD8 + T cell responses. To determine the impact of combination …

Immunological events in acute HIV-1 infection before peak viremia (hyperacute phase) may
contribute to the development of broadly cross-neutralizing antibodies. Here, we used pre-…