Stem cells in shoot and floral meristems of Arabidopsis thaliana secrete the signaling peptide
CLAVATA3 (CLV3) that restricts stem cell proliferation and promotes differentiation. The …

Background The root system of higher plants originates from the activity of a root meristem,
which comprises a group of highly specialized and long-lasting stem cells. Their …

Stem cell number in shoot and floral meristems of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) is
regulated by the CLAVATA3 (CLV3) signaling pathway. Perception of the CLV3 peptide requires …

Fertilization of an egg by multiple sperm (polyspermy) leads to lethal genome imbalance
and chromosome segregation defects. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the block to polyspermy is …

Cell–cell communication and interaction is critical during fertilization and triggers free
cytosolic calcium ([Ca 2+ ] cyto ) as a key signal for egg activation and a polyspermy block in …

Genetic studies have identified the membrane protein EIN2 (ethylene insensitive 2) as a
central component of ethylene signalling in Arabidopsis. In addition, EIN2 might take part in …

Upon gamete fusion, animal egg cells secrete proteases from cortical granules to establish
a fertilization envelope as a block to polyspermy 1 , 2 , 3 – 4 . Fertilization in flowering plants …

Plant‐parasitic cyst nematodes secrete CLAVATA3 (CLV3)/ESR (CLE)‐like effector proteins.
These proteins have been shown to act as ligand mimics of plant CLE peptides and are …

Pollen-pistil interactions establish interspecific/intergeneric pre-zygotic hybridization barriers
in plants. The rejection of undesired pollen at the stigma is crucial to avoid outcrossing but …

The CLAVATA (CLV) and flagellin (flg) signaling pathways act through peptide ligands and
closely related plasma membrane–localized receptor-like kinases (RLKs). The plant peptide …