Their ability to degrade lignocellulose gives termites an important place in the carbon cycle.
This ability relies on their partnership with a diverse community of bacterial, archaeal and …

Photosynthetic fixation of carbon dioxide in our biosphere yields approxi mately 136 X lOIS
g of dry plant material annually, which represents Earth's most abundant form of biomass (88)…

Molecular oxygen is one of the most important reactants in biogeochemical cycles. Due to
its low solubility in water, the consumption of oxygen leads to the development of oxic–anoxic …

The biological and chemical potential for electron shuttling via humic acids was evaluated
by analyzing the depth distribution of humic-acid-reducing and iron-reducing bacteria in a …

Clark-type oxygen microelectrodes and glass pH microelectrodes, each with a tip diameter of
<=10 (mu)m, were used to obtain high-resolution profiles of oxygen concentrations and pH …

The Euryarchaeota comprise both methanogenic and nonmethanogenic orders and many
lineages of uncultivated archaea with unknown properties. One of these deep-branching …

Termite guts harbor a dense and diverse microbiota that is essential for symbiotic digestion.
The major players in lower termites are unique lineages of cellulolytic flagellates, whereas …

Termite hindguts have long been considered simply to be anoxic fermentors, similar to the
rumen of cattle. This concept was challenged by recent investigations employing microsensor …

Iron-reducing bacteria have been reported to reduce humic acids and low-molecular-weight
quinones with electrons from acetate or hydrogen oxidation. Due to the rapid chemical …

Nine out of ten anaerobic enrichment cultures inoculated with sediment samples from
various freshwater, brackish-water, and marine sediments exhibited ferrous iron oxidation in …