The behavior of individuals determines the strength and outcome of ecological interactions,
which drive population, community, and ecosystem organization. Bio-logging, such as …

We developed a technique for performing whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from
genetically identified neurons in behaving Drosophila. We focused on the properties of visual …

Modern computer hardware makes it possible to produce visual stimuli in ways not previously
possible. Arbitrary scenes, from traditional sinusoidal gratings to naturalistic 3D scenes …

Automated tracking of animal movement allows analyses that would not otherwise be possible
by providing great quantities of data. The additional capability of tracking in real time—…

Standard animal behavior paradigms incompletely mimic nature and thus limit our understanding
of behavior and brain function. Virtual reality (VR) can help, but it poses challenges. …

Animals must quickly recognize objects in their environment and act accordingly. Previous
studies indicate that looming visual objects trigger avoidance reflexes in many species [1–5]; …

Flight control in insects depends on self-induced image motion (optic flow), which the visual
system must process to generate appropriate corrective steering maneuvers. Classic …

Life is controlled by multiple rhythms. Although the interaction of the daily (circadian) clock
with environmental stimuli, such as light, is well documented, its relationship to endogenous …

Rapidly and selectively modulating the activity of defined neurons in unrestrained animals
is a powerful approach in investigating the circuit mechanisms that shape behavior. In …

Flies and other insects use vision to regulate their groundspeed in flight, enabling them to
fly in varying wind conditions. Compared with mechanosensory modalities, however, vision …