We introduce new classes of hydrodynamic theories inspired by the recently discovered fracton
phases of quantum matter. Fracton phases are characterized by elementary excitations (…

We analyze the “higher rank” gauge theories that capture some of the phenomenology of
the fracton order. It is shown that these theories lose gauge invariance when an arbitrarily …

We formulate a geometric framework that allows us to study momentum and energy transport
in nonrelativistic systems. It amounts to a coupling of the nonrelativistic system to the …

The Bronze Age of Eurasia (around 3000–1000 BC) was a period of major cultural changes.
However, there is debate about whether these changes resulted from the circulation of …

RATIONALE To elucidate the extent to which the major cultural transformations of farming,
pastoralism, and shifts in the distribution of languages in Eurasia were accompanied by …

For thousands of years the Eurasian steppes have been a centre of human migrations and
cultural change. Here we sequence the genomes of 137 ancient humans (about 1× average …

The invention and development of next or second generation sequencing methods has resulted
in a dramatic transformation of ancient DNA research and allowed shotgun sequencing …

We present an effective field theory approach to the fracton phases. The approach is based
on the notion of a multipole algebra. It is an extension of space (time) symmetries of a charge-…

INTRODUCTION According to the commonly accepted “steppe hypothesis,” the initial spread
of Indo-European (IE) languages into both Europe and Asia took place with migrations of …

Synthetic photonic materials are an emerging platform for exploring the interface between
microscopic quantum dynamics and macroscopic material properties 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 . Photons …