A fundamental mystery of plant cell biology is the occurrence of “stromules,” stroma-filled
tubular extensions from plastids (such as chloroplasts) that are universally observed in plants …

… Author links open overlay panel Jacob O Brunkard , Anne M Runkel , Patricia C
Zambryski … JO Brunkard, AM Runkel, PC Zambryski … Ehlers, M. Große Westerloh …

… Brunkard and Anne M. Runkel are supported by NSF predoctoral fellowships. Plasmodesmata
research in the Zambryski lab is supported by National Institutes of Health Grant GM45244…

Plasmodesmata (PD) are channels that connect the cytoplasm of adjacent plant cells,
permitting intercellular transport and communication. PD function and formation are essential to …

Sayou et al. (Reports, 7 February 2014, p. 645) proposed a new model for evolution of
transcription factors without gene duplication, using LEAFY as an archetype. Their proposal …

Background H2A.X is an H2A variant histone in eukaryotes, unique for its ability to respond
to DNA damage, initiating the DNA repair pathway. H2A.X replacement within the histone …

H2A.X is an H2A variant histone in eukaryotes, unique for its ability to respond to DNA
damage, initiating the DNA repair pathway. H2A.X replacement within the histone octamer is …

Stromules, or "stroma-filled tubules", are narrow, tubular extensions from the surface of the
chloroplast that are universally observed in plant cells but whose functions remain mysterious…

Multicellularity is central to the stunning diversity of biological forms on earth today. In
multicellular species, individual cells become dependent on each other, differentiate to specialize …

Plant cells transport molecules through small channels called plasmodesmata (PD); these
nanoscopic channels are ~30-50 nm in diameter and cross through cellulosic walls to connect …