Cardiovascular complications are rapidly emerging as a key threat in coronavirus disease
2019 (COVID-19) in addition to respiratory disease. The mechanisms underlying the …

The hypoxic response is an ancient stress response triggered by low ambient oxygen (O 2 )
(ref. 1 ) and controlled by hypoxia-inducible transcription factor-1 (HIF-1), whose α subunit is …

Iron is essential for many biological processes, including oxygen delivery, and its supply is
tightly regulated. Hepcidin, a small peptide synthesized in the liver, is a key regulator of iron …

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and persistence are associated with an elevated risk of
treatment failure and relapsing infections. They are thus important drivers of increased morbidity …

Sepsis, the leading cause of death in intensive care units, reflects a detrimental host response
to infection in which bacteria or LPS act as potent activators of immune cells, including …

Background Whereas severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific
antibody tests are increasingly being used to estimate the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 …

Hepcidin is an antimicrobial peptide secreted by the liver during inflammation that plays a
central role in mammalian iron homeostasis. Here we demonstrate the endogenous …

Statins are inhibitors of 3-hydroxy 3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, the
rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. Recent clinico-epidemiologic studies …

Sepsis is characterized by a dysregulated inflammatory response to infection. Despite studies
in mice, the cellular and molecular basis of human sepsis remains unclear and effective …

The hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (HIF-1α) is a major regulator of energy homeostasis
and cellular adaptation to low oxygen stress. Recently, HIF-1α has been discovered to …