Introduction Evolution of extended breath-hold endurance enables the exploitation of the
aquatic niche by numerous mammalian lineages and is accomplished by elevated body …

The ability to respond rapidly to changes in oxygen tension is critical for many forms of life.
Challenges to oxygen homeostasis, specifically in the contexts of evolutionary biology and …

Most proteins associate into multimeric complexes with specific architectures 1 , 2 , which
often have functional properties such as cooperative ligand binding or allosteric regulation 3 . …

When different species experience similar selection pressures, the probability of evolving
similar adaptive solutions may be influenced by legacies of evolutionary history, such as …

We have genetically retrieved, resurrected and performed detailed structure-function analyses
on authentic woolly mammoth hemoglobin to reveal for the first time both the evolutionary …

Mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is essential for nonshivering thermogenesis in
brown adipose tissue and is widely accepted to have played a key thermoregulatory role in …

Primates have adapted to numerous environments and lifestyles but very few species are
native to high elevations. Here we investigated high-altitude adaptations in the gelada (…

The recently extinct (ca. 1768) Steller’s sea cow (Hydrodamalis gigas) was a large, edentulous
North Pacific sirenian. The phylogenetic affinities of this taxon to other members of this …

An underexplored question in evolutionary genetics concerns the extent to which mutational
bias in the production of genetic variation influences outcomes and pathways of adaptive …

Background Three‐dimensional (3D) computer modeling and interactive virtual reality (VR)
simulation are validated teaching techniques used throughout medical disciplines. Little …