Butterfly wing patterns derive from a deeply conserved developmental ground plan yet are
diverse and evolve rapidly. It is poorly understood how gene regulatory architectures can …

Butterfly wing patterns provide a rich comparative framework to study how morphological
complexity develops and evolves. Here we used CRISPR/Cas9 somatic mutagenesis to test a …

The optix gene has been implicated in butterfly wing pattern adaptation by genetic association,
mapping, and expression studies. The actual developmental function of this gene has …

Color pattern mimicry in Heliconius butterflies is a classic case study of complex trait adaptation
via selection on a few large effect genes. Association studies have linked color pattern …

Developmental plasticity allows genomes to encode multiple distinct phenotypes that can be
differentially manifested in response to environmental cues. Alternative plastic phenotypes …

Heliconius butterflies, a speciose genus of Müllerian mimics, represent a classic example of
an adaptive radiation that includes a range of derived dietary, life history, physiological and …

Uncovering phylogenetic patterns of cis-regulatory evolution remains a fundamental goal for
evolutionary and developmental biology. Here, we characterize the evolution of regulatory …

The pantry moth Plodia interpunctella is a worldwide pest of stored food products and a
promising laboratory model system for lepidopteran functional genomics. Here we describe …

Butterfly color patterns provide visible and biodiverse phenotypic readouts of the patterning
processes. Although the secreted ligand WntA has been shown to instruct the color pattern …

Lepidopteran wing scales play important roles in a number of functions including color
patterning and thermoregulation. Despite the importance of wing scales, however, we still have a …