Despite its importance, understanding the early phases of human development has been
limited by availability of human samples. The recent emergence of stem-cell-derived embryo …

Embryos allocate cells to the three germ layers in a spatially ordered sequence. Human
embryonic stem cells (hESCs) can generate the three germ layers in culture; however, …

Hematopoietic stem cells and their progenitors exhibit multilineage patterns of gene
expression. Molecular mechanisms underlying the generation and refinement of these patterns …

Understanding human organ formation is a scientific challenge with far-reaching medical
implications 1 , 2 . Three-dimensional stem-cell cultures have provided insights into human cell …

Paracrine signals maintain developmental states and create cell fate patterns in vivo and
influence differentiation outcomes in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) in vitro. Systematic …

The way in which interactions between mechanics and biochemistry lead to the emergence
of complex cell and tissue organization is an old question that has recently attracted …

During development, the ectoderm is patterned by a combination of BMP and WNT signaling.
Research in model organisms has provided substantial insight into this process; however, …

During gastrulation, the pluripotent epiblast self-organizes into the 3 germ layers—endoderm,
mesoderm and ectoderm, which eventually form the entire embryo. Decades of research …

Fate allocation in the gastrulating embryo is spatially organized as cells differentiate into
specialized cell types depending on their positions with respect to the body axes. There is a …

The authors introduce an algorithm for determining the steady-state probability distribution
of an ergodic system arbitrarily far from equilibrium. By enforcing equal sampling of different …