F-actin is a helical assembly of actin, which is a component of muscle fibres essential for
contraction and has a crucial role in numerous cellular processes, such as the formation of …

Immotile cilia at the ventral node of mouse embryos are required for sensing leftward fluid
flow that breaks left-right symmetry of the body. However, the flow-sensing mechanism has …

Single molecule fluorescence polarization techniques have been used for three-dimensional
(3D) orientation measurements to observe the dynamic properties of single molecules. …

Sexual reproduction is widespread in eukaryotes; however, only asexual reproduction has
been observed in unicellular red algae, including Galdieria, which branched early in …

Primary cilia are antenna‐like organelles on the surface of most mammalian cells that
receive sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling in embryogenesis and carcinogenesis. Cellular …

Many biological motor molecules move within cells using stepsizes predictable from their
structures. Myosin VI, however, has much larger and more broadly distributed stepsizes than …

The cargo transporter myosin-VI processively walks along actin filaments using its two heads.
Here we use single-molecule nanometry to show that the strong binding by myosin heads …

Lissencephaly is a devastating neurological disorder caused by defective neuronal migration.
The LIS1 (or PAFAH1B1) gene was identified as the gene mutated in lissencephaly …

Immotile cilia sense extracellular signals such as fluid flow, but whether Ca 2+ plays a role
in flow sensing has been unclear. Here, we examined the role of ciliary Ca 2+ in the flow …

Myosin is a mechano-enzyme that hydrolyzes ATP in order to move unidirectionally along
actin filaments. Here we show by single molecule imaging that myosin V motion can be …