Three human coronaviruses are known to exist: human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E),
HCoV-OC43 and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-associated coronavirus (SARS-…

Short-term assays have suggested that RNA interference (RNAi) may be a powerful new
method for intracellular immunization against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) …

Expression of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) genome is greatly dependent
on the viral trans-activator protein Tat. Tat functions through the TAR element, which is …

Coronavirus (CoV) infection of humans is usually not associated with severe disease.
However, discovery of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) CoV revealed that highly …

Replication of HIV-1 requires Tat, which stimulates gene expression through a target sequence,
TAR. It is known that TAR is a Tat-responsive target. Since Tat increases transcriptional …

Double-stranded RNA can induce gene silencing via a process known as RNA interference
(RNAi). Previously, we have shown that stable expression of a single shRNA targeting the …

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication in T cells can be inhibited by RNA
interference (RNAi) through short hairpin RNA (shRNA) expression from a lentiviral vector. …

In this study we demonstrate that the HIV-1 leader RNA exists in two alternative conformations,
a branched structure consisting of several well-known hairpin motifs and a more stable …

The envelope glycoprotein (Env) complex of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 has evolved
a structure that is minimally immunogenic while retaining its natural function of receptor-…

HIV-1 replication can be efficiently inhibited by intracellular expression of an siRNA targeting
the viral RNA. However, HIV-1 escape variants emerged after prolonged culturing. These …