Estimates from Mendelian randomization studies of unrelated individuals can be biased
due to uncontrolled confounding from familial effects. Here we describe methods for within-…

Estimates from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of unrelated individuals capture
effects of inherited variation (direct effects), demography (population stratification, assortative …

Bipolar disorder is a heritable mental illness with complex etiology. We performed a genome-wide
association study of 41,917 bipolar disorder cases and 371,549 controls of European …

Measures of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference define general obesity and
abdominal obesity respectively. While high BMI has been established as a risk factor for asthma …

Mendelian randomization (MR) is increasingly used to make causal inferences in a wide
range of fields, from drug development to etiologic studies. Causal inference in MR is possible …

Osteoarthritis affects over 300 million people worldwide. Here, we conduct a genome-wide
association study meta-analysis across 826,690 individuals (177,517 with osteoarthritis) and …

Increased blood lipid levels are heritable risk factors of cardiovascular disease with varied
prevalence worldwide owing to different dietary patterns and medication use 1 . Despite …

The discovery of genetic loci associated with complex diseases has outpaced the elucidation
of mechanisms of disease pathogenesis. Here we conducted a genome-wide association …

Asthma, hay fever (or allergic rhinitis) and eczema (or atopic dermatitis) often coexist in the
same individuals 1 , partly because of a shared genetic origin 2 , 3 , 4 . To identify shared risk …

Biobanks facilitate genome-wide association studies (GWASs), which have mapped genomic
loci across a range of human diseases and traits. However, most biobanks are primarily …