How might one determine whether simple animals such as flies sleep in stages? Sleep in
mammals is a dynamic process involving different stages of sleep intensity, and these are …

Action selection is a prerequisite for decision-making and a fundamental aspect to any goal-directed
locomotion; it requires integration of sensory signals and internal states to translate …

Sleep is a nearly universal behavior that is regulated by diverse environmental stimuli and
physiological states. A defining feature of sleep is a homeostatic rebound following …

General anesthesia remains a mysterious phenomenon, even though a number of compelling
target proteins and processes have been proposed [1]. General anesthetics such as …

The fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster has been extensively used as a genetic model for the
maintenance of nervous system's functions. Glial cells are of utmost importance in regulating …

10.7554/eLife.37105.001 Sleep is a dynamic process in most animals, involving distinct
stages that probably perform multiple functions for the brain. Before sleep functions can be …

Corresponding attributes of neural development and function suggest arthropod and
vertebrate brains may have an evolutionarily conserved organization. However, the underlying …

Insects are ectothermal animals that are constrained in their survival and reproduction by
external temperature fluctuations which require either active avoidance of or movement …

Background: Recent evidence suggests that general anesthetics activate endogenous sleep
pathways, yet this mechanism cannot explain the entirety of general anesthesia. General …

Alpha-synuclein (α-syn) mislocalization and accumulation in intracellular inclusions is the
major pathological hallmark of degenerative synucleinopathies, including Parkinson’s disease…