Mimicry—whereby warning signals in different species evolve to look similar—has long
served as a paradigm of convergent evolution. Little is known, however, about the genes that …

We used 20 de novo genome assemblies to probe the speciation history and architecture of
gene flow in rapidly radiating Heliconius butterflies. Our tests to distinguish incomplete …

Although animals display a rich variety of shapes and patterns, the genetic changes that
explain how complex forms arise are still unclear. Here we take advantage of the extensive …

Identifying the genomic changes that control morphological variation and understanding how
they generate diversity is a major goal of evolutionary biology. In Heliconius butterflies, a …

Reinforcement occurs when natural selection strengthens behavioral discrimination to
prevent costly interspecies matings, such as when matings produce sterile hybrids. This …

Hybrid zones can be valuable tools for studying evolution and identifying genomic regions
responsible for adaptive divergence and underlying phenotypic variation. Hybrid zones …

The use of image data to quantify, study and compare variation in the colours and patterns
of organisms requires the alignment of images to establish homology, followed by colour‐…

Color pattern mimicry in Heliconius butterflies is a classic case study of complex trait adaptation
via selection on a few large effect genes. Association studies have linked color pattern …

Hybrids between closely related species are often sterile or inviable as a consequence of
failed interactions between alleles from the different species. Most genetic studies have …

The mimetic butterflies Heliconius erato and Heliconius melpomene have undergone parallel
radiations to form a near-identical patchwork of over 20 different wing-pattern races across …