Human organoids recapitulating the cell-type diversity and function of their target organ are
valuable for basic and translational research. We developed light-sensitive human retinal …

Brain circuits are assembled from a large variety of morphologically and functionally diverse
cell types. It is not known how the intermingled cell types of an individual adult brain region …

The mammalian brain is assembled from thousands of neuronal cell types that are organized
in distinct circuits to perform behaviorally relevant computations. Transgenic mouse lines …

Targeting genes to specific neuronal or glial cell types is valuable for both understanding
and repairing brain circuits. Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are frequently used for gene …

The outer segments of cones serve as light detectors for daylight color vision, and their
dysfunction leads to human blindness conditions. We show that the cone-specific disruption of …

Neuronal circuit asymmetries are important components of brain circuits, but the molecular
pathways leading to their establishment remain unknown. Here we found that the mutation of …

Cortical circuits are composed predominantly of pyramidal-to-pyramidal neuron connections,
yet their assembly during embryonic development is not well understood. We show that …

General anesthetics induce loss of consciousness, a global change in behavior. However, a
corresponding global change in activity in the context of defined cortical cell types has not …

We developed retrograde, transsynaptic pseudorabies viruses (PRVs) with genetically
encoded activity sensors that optically report the activity of connected neurons among spatially …

Genetic engineering by viral infection of single cells is useful to study complex systems such
as the brain. However, available methods for infecting single cells have drawbacks that limit …