Reliable, precise and accurate estimates of disease severity are important for predicting
yield loss, monitoring and forecasting epidemics, for assessing crop germplasm for disease …

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. There have been only slight
improvements in early diagnosis and survival, reflecting limited advances in screening and …

The severity of plant diseases, traditionally the proportion of the plant tissue exhibiting
symptoms, is a key quantitative variable to know for many diseases and is prone to error. Good …

In an analysis of 31,717 cancer cases and 26,136 cancer-free controls from 13 genome-wide
association studies, we observed large chromosomal abnormalities in a subset of clones in …

Recombination, together with mutation, gives rise to genetic variation in populations. Here we
leverage the recent mixture of people of African and European ancestry in the Americas to …

Purpose : The incidence of prostate cancer is approximately 60% higher and the mortality
rate is 2 to 3 times greater in black than in white American men. We propose that a more rapid …

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified 36 loci associated with body mass
index (BMI), predominantly in populations of European ancestry. We conducted a meta-…

Citrus canker is caused by the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri and
infects several citrus species in wet tropical and subtropical citrus growing regions. Accurate, …

Background: Despite more aggressive screening across all demographics and gradual
declines in mortality related to prostate cancer (PCa) in the United States, disparities among …

A special type of ordinal scale comprising a number of intervals of known numeric ranges
can be used when estimating severity of a plant disease. The interval ranges are most often …