Biofilms are widespread in nature and constitute an important strategy implemented by
microorganisms to survive in sometimes harsh environmental conditions. They can be beneficial …

Purpose Cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy is considered standard first-line treatment
for patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma. However, a large proportion of patients …

Objectives: On behalf of the European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines for diagnosis,
therapy and follow-up of bladder cancer patients were established. Criteria for …

Background Biosynthesis of extragonadal androgen may contribute to the progression of
castration-resistant prostate cancer. We evaluated whether abiraterone acetate, an inhibitor of …

Purpose Pazopanib is an oral angiogenesis inhibitor targeting vascular endothelial growth
factor receptor, platelet-derived growth factor receptor, and c-Kit. This randomized, double-…

Background Enzalutamide is an oral androgen-receptor inhibitor that prolongs survival in
men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer in whom the disease has progressed …

Background We did a randomised phase III trial comparing external irradiation alone and
external irradiation combined with an analogue of luteinising-hormone releasing hormone (…

Background Enzalutamide (formerly called MDV3100) targets multiple steps in the androgen-receptor–signaling
pathway, the major driver of prostate-cancer growth. We aimed to …

Background Patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma that progresses after platinum-based
chemotherapy have a poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Methods In this open-…

… Values A, B, and C show rising PSA values that do not meet the criteria. Value D is the first
PSA value that is greater than 25% and more than 2 ng/mL above the nadir, confirmed with a …