Although the first ancient DNA molecules were extracted more than three decades ago, the
first ancient nuclear genomes could only be characterized after high-throughput sequencing …

The field of palaeomicrobiology is dramatically expanding thanks to recent advances in high-throughput
biomolecular sequencing, which allows unprecedented access to the …

We are a group of archaeologists, anthropologists, curators and geneticists representing
diverse global communities and 31 countries. All of us met in a virtual workshop dedicated to …

Calcified dental plaque (dental calculus) preserves for millennia and entraps biomolecules
from all domains of life and viruses. We report the first, to our knowledge, high-resolution …

Recent studies suggest that gut microbiomes of urban-industrialized societies are different
from those of traditional peoples. Here we examine the relationship between lifeways and gut …

Loss of gut microbial diversity 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 – 6 in industrial populations is associated with
chronic diseases 7 , underscoring the importance of studying our ancestral gut microbiome. …

The oral microbiome plays key roles in human biology, health, and disease, but little is
known about the global diversity, variation, or evolution of this microbial community. To better …

… Bone collagen from Tjodhilde's Church individuals KAL1052 and KAL1064 was prepared
for stable isotope δ 13 C and δ 15 N analysis as previously described 37 . Duplicate collagen …

… enterica serovar Paratyphi C, a bacterial cause of enteric fever. We propose that S. Paratyphi
C be considered a strong candidate for the epidemic population decline during the 1545 …

… ; Volkov, 2002), and it ultimately reached as far north as the eastern Baikal region, which
is reflected in the genetic profile of the Slab Grave individual PTO001 in this study (Figure 3C). …