Understanding human embryonic ventral midbrain is of major interest for Parkinson’s
disease. However, the cell types, their gene expression dynamics, and their relationship to …

Midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neuron development has been an intense area of research
during recent years. This is due in part to a growing interest in regenerative medicine and the …

Wnts are a family of secreted proteins that regulate multiple steps of neural development
and stem cell differentiation. Two of them, Wnt1 and Wnt5a, activate distinct branches of Wnt …

Signaling mechanisms involving Wnt/β-catenin and sonic hedgehog (Shh) are known to
regulate the development of ventral midbrain (vMB) dopamine neurons. However, the …

Background WNT-5A signaling in the central nervous system is important for morphogenesis,
neurogenesis and establishment of functional connectivity; the source of WNT-5A and its …

The interaction of Prep1 and Pbx homeodomain transcription factors regulates their activity,
nuclear localization, and likely, function in development. To understand the in vivo role of …

Pre‐B‐cell leukemia homeobox (PBX) transcription factors are known to regulate organogenesis,
but their molecular targets and function in midbrain dopaminergic neurons (mDAn) as …

WNTs are lipid-modified proteins that control multiple functions in development and disease
via short- and long-range signaling. However, it is unclear how these hydrophobic …

Wnts are secreted, lipidated proteins that regulate multiple aspects of brain development,
including dopaminergic neuron development. In this study, we perform the first purification and …

CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling has been reported to regulate three essential processes for the
establishment of neural networks in different neuronal systems: neuronal migration, cell …