Recent studies have unequivocally identified multipotent stem/progenitor cells in mammary
glands, offering a tractable model system to unravel genetic and epigenetic regulation of …

Mammalian spermiogenesis, a process where haploid male germ cells differentiate to become
mature spermatozoa, entails dramatic morphological and biochemical changes including …

The Ovo gene family encodes a group of evolutionarily conserved transcription factors and
includes members that reside downstream of key developmental signaling pathways such as …

Canonical Wnt signaling involves complex intracellular events culminating in the stabilization
of β‐catenin, which enters the nucleus and binds to LEF/TCF transcription factors to …

The neural crest–derived cells that colonize the fetal bowel become patterned into two
ganglionated plexuses. The hypothesis that bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) promote …

Understanding the epigenetic mechanisms that control the activation of adult stem cells holds
the promise of tissue and organ regeneration. Hair follicle stem cells have emerged as a …

Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin serotype A (BoNT/A) is a potent neurotoxin that serves as
an effective therapeutic for several neuromuscular disorders via induction of temporary …

Botulinum neurotoxin type-A (BoNT/A), as onabotulinumtoxinA, is approved globally for 11
major therapeutic and cosmetic indications. While the mechanism of action for BoNT/A at the …

Objective The goal of this study was to compare the unit-to-unit biological activity of the
vacuum-dried formulation of prabotulinumtoxinA (prabotA) and onabotulinumtoxinA (onabotA) in …

Differences in botulinum neurotoxin manufacturing, formulation, and potency evaluation can
impact dose and biological activity, which ultimately affect duration of action. The potency of …