The protein synthesis machineries of two distinct phyla of the Animal kingdom, insects of
Arthropoda and mammals of Chordata, have different preferences for how to best encode …

A critical question in understanding the immunity to SARS-COV-2 is whether recovered
patients are protected against re-challenge and transmission upon second exposure. We …

Detection of secretory antibodies in the airway is highly desirable when evaluating mucosal
protection by vaccines against a respiratory virus, such as the severe acute respiratory …

Few live attenuated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
vaccines are in pre-clinical or clinical development. We seek to attenuate SARS-CoV-2 (isolate …

Despite a critical need for a respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine and decades of
development efforts, a vaccine to protect infants, elderly, and other at-risk populations from RSV …

The Flavivirus genus of the Flaviviridae family encompasses numerous enveloped plus-strand
RNA viruses. Dengue virus (DENV), a flavivirus, is the leading cause of serious arthropod-…

The newly emerging Kappa, Delta, and Lambda SARS-CoV-2 variants are worrisome,
characterized with the double mutations E484Q/L452R, T478K/L452R, and F490S/L452Q, …

Hyperimmune immunoglobulin (hCoV-2IG) generated from SARS-CoV-2 convalescent
plasma (CP) are under evaluation in clinical trials. Here we explored the antibody epitope …

Numerous vaccine candidates against SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of the COVID-19
pandemic, are under development. The majority of vaccine candidates to date are designed …

Venezuelan and western equine encephalitis viruses (VEEV and WEEV; Alphavirus ;
Togaviridae ) are mosquito-borne pathogens causing central nervous system (CNS) disease in …