To the Editor—Rapid advances in DNA-sequencing and bioinformatics technologies in the
past two decades have substantially improved understanding of the microbial world. This …

Bat guano is a relatively untapped reservoir of information, having great utility as a DNA
source because it is often available at roosts even when bats are not and is an easy type of …

Background Clostridium botulinum is a diverse group of bacteria characterized by the
production of botulinum neurotoxin. Botulinum neurotoxins are classified into serotypes (BoNT/A–G…

Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is an emerging public health threat and C. difficile is the
most common cause of antimicrobial-associated diarrhea worldwide and the leading cause …

Background Leptospirosis, caused by Leptospira bacteria, is a common zoonosis worldwide,
especially in the tropics. Reservoir species and risk factors have been identified but …

The whole genomes for six botulinum neurotoxin-producing clostridial strains were sequenced
to provide references for under-represented toxin types, bivalent strains or unusual toxin …

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are produced by a diverse set of seven clostridial species,
though alternate naming systems have developed over the last 100 years. Starting in the …

Asymptomatic colonization with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing
Enterobacteriaceae has been described for humans, various mammal species, and birds. Here, …

We report the first case of brucellosis caused by an isolate whose genome is identical that
of a frog isolate from Texas, demonstrating the zoonotic potential of amphibian-type Brucella. …

Numerous genotyping techniques based on different principles and with different costs and
levels of resolution are currently available for understanding the transmission dynamics of …