The smallest known eukaryotes, at ≈1-μm diameter, are Ostreococcus tauri and related
species of marine phytoplankton. The genome of Ostreococcus lucimarinus has been …

Diatoms dominate the biomass of phytoplankton in nutrient-rich conditions and form the basis
of some of the world’s most productive marine food webs 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 . The diatom nuclear …

Metagenomics literally means “beyond the genome.” Marine microbial metagenomic databases
presently comprise ∼400 billion base pairs of DNA, only ∼3% of that found in 1 ml of …

Bacteria in the 16S rRNA clade SAR86 are among the most abundant uncultivated constituents
of microbial assemblages in the surface ocean for which little genomic information is …

The bioavailability of different metals has likely changed over the course of Earth’s history.
Based on geochemical models, copper became much more bioavailable with the advent of an …

The Southern Ocean houses a diverse and productive community of organisms 1 , 2 .
Unicellular eukaryotic diatoms are the main primary producers in this environment, where …

Among eukaryotes, four major phytoplankton lineages are responsible for marine photosynthesis;
prymnesiophytes, alveolates, stramenopiles, and prasinophytes. Contributions by …

Coastal aquatic environments are typically more highly productive and dynamic than open
ocean ones. Despite these differences, cyanobacteria from the genus Synechococcus are …

Bacterial community composition and functional potential change subtly across gradients in
the surface ocean. In contrast, while there are significant phylogenetic divergences between …

Host-associated microbial communities are influenced by both host genetics and environmental
factors. However, factors controlling the human oral microbiome and their impact on …