There is pressing urgency to understand the pathogenesis of the severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus clade 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes the disease COVID-19. SARS-…

Single-cell technologies have transformed our understanding of human tissues. Yet, studies
typically capture only a limited number of donors and disagree on cell type definitions. …

Natural killer (NK) cells recognize the absence of self MHC class I as a way to discriminate
normal cells from cells in distress. In humans, this "missing self" recognition is ensured by …

These guidelines are a consensus work of a considerable number of members of the
immunology and flow cytometry community. They provide the theory and key practical aspects of …

From a technical point of view a flow cytometer is a light detection device capable of detecting
photons of different wavelengths over a high dynamic range. In order to achieve a high …

Immunoregulatory T cells of CD4 + CD25 + phenotype suppress T cell function and protect
rodents from organ‐specific autoimmune disease. The human counterpart of this subset of T …

The immune response influences the clinical course of colorectal cancer (CRC). Analyzing
the invasive margin of human CRC liver metastases, we identified a mechanism of immune …

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) represent a heterogeneous population of myeloid
cells in cancer patients and tumor-bearing mice that potently inhibits T cell responses. …

Tumor microenvironment is characterized by chronic inflammation represented by infiltrating
leukocytes and soluble mediators, which lead to a local and systemic immunosuppression …

With about 350 million virus carriers, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major health
problem. HBV is a noncytopathic virus causing persistent infection, but it is still unknown …