When vertebrate physiological ecologists use the terms ‘stress’ or ‘physiological stress’,
they typically mean the level of hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA-) axis activation. …

Chemical pollution from pharmaceuticals is increasingly recognised as a major threat to
aquatic communities. One compound of great concern is fluoxetine, which is one of the most …

Transcription induces a wave of DNA supercoiling, altering the binding affinity of RNA
polymerases and reshaping the biochemical landscape of gene regulation. As supercoiling …

Chemical pollution is a pervasive and insidious agent of environmental change. One class
of chemical pollutant threatening ecosystems globally is the endocrine disrupting chemicals (…

Although the vertebrate stress response is essential for survival, frequent or prolonged stress
responses can result in chronic physiological stress, which is associated with a suite of …

Anthropogenic habitat loss, fragmentation and degradation often co-occur in a landscape and
their relative influence on a native animals’ health and survival can be difficult to determine…

We review evidence for and against the use of erythrocyte indicators of health status and
condition, parasite infection level and physiological stress in free‐living vertebrates. The use of …

With the ability to resist biodegradation and exert therapeutic effects at low concentrations,
pharmaceutical contaminants have become environmental stressors for wildlife. One such …

Successful urban colonisation by birds requires tolerance of many disturbances and avoidance
of chronic stress and major disruption to critical activities. Habituation may be involved in …

The capacity of pharmaceutical pollution to alter behaviour in wildlife is of increasing environmental
concern. A major pathway of these pollutants into the environment is the treatment of …