The generation of high-affinity antibodies (Abs) plays a critical role in the neutralization and
clearance of pathogens and subsequent host survival after natural infection with a variety of …

Antibody production is an important feature of the vertebrate immune system. Antibodies
neutralize and clear pathogens, thereby protecting against infectious diseases. Such humoral …

SAP (SLAM-associated protein) was identified in 1998 as an adaptor molecule involved in
the intracellular signaling pathways elicited through the cell surface receptor SLAM and as …

Follicular helper T (Tfh) cells provide selection signals to germinal center B cells, which is
essential for long-lived antibody responses. High CXCR5 and low CCR7 expression facilitates …

Hyper–immunoglobulin E syndrome (HIES) is a primary immune deficiency characterized by
abnormal and devastating susceptibility to a narrow spectrum of infections, most commonly …

Follicular B helper T (Tfh) cells support high affinity and long-term antibody responses. Here
we found that within circulating CXCR5 + CD4 + T cells in humans and mice, the CCR7 lo …

Differentiation of B cells into Ig-secreting cells (ISC) is critical for the generation of protective
humoral immune responses. Because of the important role played by secreted Ig in host …

T follicular helper (T FH ) cells are a specialized subset of CD4 + T cells that localize to B‐cell
follicles, where they are positioned to provide help for the induction of optimal humoral …

The adaptor molecule SAP is expressed in T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells, where
it regulates cytokine production and cytotoxicity 1 , 2 , 3 . Here, we show that SAP, encoded …

Engagement of cytokine receptors by specific ligands activate Janus kinase–signal transducer
and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathways. The exact roles of STATs in …