How individuals interact with their environment and respond to changes is a key area of
research in evolutionary biology. A physiological parameter that provides an instant proxy for the …

The requirements of living in social groups, and forming and maintaining social relationships
are hypothesized to be one of the major drivers behind the evolution of cognitive abilities. …

Anthropogenic noise is a major pollutant in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Since the
industrial revolution, human activities have become increasingly noisy, leading to both acute …

Sensitivity to inequity is considered to be a crucial cognitive tool in the evolution of human
cooperation. The ability has recently been shown also in primates and dogs, raising the …

Self-control, that is, overcoming impulsivity towards immediate gratification in favour of a
greater but delayed reward, is seen as a valuable skill when making future-oriented decisions. …

Evidence for time-dependent calculations about future rewards is scarce in non-human
animals. In non-human primates, only great apes are comparable with humans. Still, some …

Simply observing other individuals interacting has been shown to affect subsequent
behaviour and also hormones in ‘bystander’ individuals. However, immediate physiological …

The use and manufacture of tools have been considered to be cognitively demanding and
thus a possible driving factor in the evolution of intelligence. In this study, we tested the …

In group-living animals, it is adaptive to recognize conspecifics on the basis of familiarity or
group membership as it allows association with preferred social partners and avoidance of …

Self‐control is critical for both humans and nonhuman animals because it underlies
complex cognitive abilities, such as decision‐making and future planning, enabling goal‐directed …