Organisms are constantly subjected to stressful stimuli that affect numerous physiological
processes and activate the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, increasing the release of …

OBJECTIVES: Most educational interventions in pharmacovigilance are designed to encourage
physicians to report adverse drug reactions. However, multidisciplinary teams may play …

Alcohol and nicotine are the two most co-abused drugs in the world. Previous studies have
shown that nicotine can increase alcohol drinking in nondependent rats, yet it is unknown …

Background & objectives Different algorithms have been developed to standardize the
causality assessment of adverse drug reactions (ADR). Although most share common …

Caffeine is the psychostimulant drug most consumed in the world. This drug is present in
food, beverages and medicines marketed for individuals of all ages. In spite of this, caffeine …

Rationale Exposure to intermittent episodes of social defeat stress can increase drug
seeking and leads to intense drug taking in rats. Objectives This study investigated the …

It has been demonstrated that disruption of social bonds and perceived isolation (loneliness)
are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. …

Drug addiction has serious health and social consequences. In the last 50 years, a wide
range of techniques have been developed to model specific aspects of drug-taking behaviors …

Cocaine is a worldwide used drug and its abuse is associated with physical, psychiatric and
social problems. The mechanism by which cocaine causes neurological damage is very …

Maternal separation is known to exert long-term effects on both behavior and the
neuroendocrine system. We investigated cocaine-induced locomotor activation as well as the …