Background The efficacy of calcium with vitamin D supplementation for preventing hip and
other fractures in healthy postmenopausal women remains equivocal. Methods We recruited …

Importance Menopausal hormone therapy continues in clinical use but questions remain
regarding its risks and benefits for chronic disease prevention. Objective To report a …

ContextMultiple epidemiologic studies and some trials have linked diet with cardiovascular
disease (CVD) prevention, but long-term intervention data are needed.ObjectiveTo test the …

Background Higher intake of calcium and vitamin D has been associated with a reduced risk
of colorectal cancer in epidemiologic studies and polyp recurrence in polyp-prevention trials…

ContextThe Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS) previously found increased
risk for dementia and no effect on mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in women treated with …

ContextIn the Women's Health Initiative trial of estrogen-plus-progestin therapy, women
assigned to active treatment had fewer fractures.ObjectiveTo test the hypothesis that the relative …

Background Mortality among current smokers is 2 to 3 times as high as that among persons
who never smoked. Most of this excess mortality is believed to be explained by 21 common …

Obesity is a major influence on the development and course of cardiovascular diseases and
affects physical and social functioning and quality of life. The importance of effective …

Background Serum testosterone concentrations decrease as men age, but benefits of raising
testosterone levels in older men have not been established. Methods We assigned 790 …

Importance There are currently no proven treatments to reduce the risk of mild cognitive
impairment and dementia. Objective To evaluate the effect of intensive blood pressure control on …