Various forms of fibrosis, comprising tissue thickening and scarring, are involved in 40% of
deaths across the world. Since the discovery of scarless functional healing in fetuses prior to …

Biomaterial‐mediated inflammation and fibrosis remain a prominent challenge in designing
materials to support tissue repair and regeneration. Despite the many biomaterial …

Lactate and the associated H + ions are still introduced in many biochemistry and general
biology textbooks and courses as a metabolic by-product within fast or oxygen-independent …

Lactic acid (LA) is present in tumors, asthma, and wound healing, environments with elevated
IL-33 and mast cell infiltration. Although IL-33 is a potent mast cell activator, how LA affects …

Sepsis has a well-studied inflammatory phase, with a less-understood secondary
immunosuppressive phase. Elevated blood lactate and slow lactate clearance are associated with …

TGF-β1 is involved in many pathological conditions, including autoimmune disorders,
cancer, and cardiovascular and allergic diseases. We have previously found that TGF-β1 can …

IL-10 is an important regulatory cytokine that modulates a wide range of immune cells. Whereas
it is best known for its ability to suppress immune responses, IL-10 has been found to be …

Introduction Up to 30% of hospitalized COVID-19 patients experience persistent sequelae,
including pulmonary fibrosis (PF). Methods We examined COVID-19 survivors with impaired …

Implanted polymer scaffolds can induce inflammation leading to the foreign body response (FBR),
fibrosis, and implant failure. Thus, it is important to understand how immune cells …

Regulating soft tissue repair to prevent fibrosis and promote regeneration is central to
creating a microenvironment conducive to soft tissue development. Macrophages play an …