A system responding to a stochastic driving signal can be interpreted as computing, by
means of its dynamics, an implicit model of the environmental variables. The system’s state …

A fundamental problem in modern thermodynamics is how a molecular-scale machine performs
useful work, while operating away from thermal equilibrium without excessive dissipation…

Biomolecular machines are protein complexes that convert between different forms of free
energy. They are utilized in nature to accomplish many cellular tasks. As isothermal …

A deeper understanding of nonequilibrium phenomena is needed to reveal the principles
governing natural and synthetic molecular machines. Recent work has shown that when a …

Most macromolecular X-ray structures are determined from cryocooled crystals, but it is
unclear whether cryocooling distorts functionally relevant flexibility. Here we compare …

When simulating molecular systems using deterministic equations of motion (eg, Newtonian
dynamics), such equations are generally numerically integrated according to a well-…

The gut is continuously invaded by diverse bacteria from the diet and the environment, yet
microbiome composition is relatively stable over time for host species ranging from mammals …

Observational studies reveal substantial variability in microbiome composition across
individuals. Targeted studies in gnotobiotic animals underscore this variability by showing that …

Stem cells occupy variable environments where they must distinguish stochastic fluctuations
from developmental cues. Here, we use optogenetics to investigate how the pluripotency …

Abstract Information engines can convert thermal fluctuations of a bath at temperature T into
work at rates of order k BT per relaxation time of the system. We show experimentally that …